Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was first diagnosed in Norway in 1999.The disease is caused by Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1).The virus is prevalent in farmed Atlantic salmon, but not always associated with disease.Phylogeny and sequence analyses of 31 PRV-1 genomes collected over a 30-year per
BACKGROUND:MiRNAs and other small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are key players 617 in post-transcriptional gene regulation.HIV-1 derived small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) have been described in HIV-1 infected cells, but their biological functions still remain to be elucidated.Here, we approached the question whether viral sncRNAs may play a role in the RN
Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems.Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of increased use of another ES.In some cases, a trade-off may be an explicit choice; but in others, trade-
A thorough and reliable assessment of changes in sea surface water temperatures (SSWTs) is essential for understanding the effects of global warming on long-term trends in marine ecosystems and their communities.The first long-term temperature measurements were Cyclone Cone Filter established almost a century ago, especially in coastal areas, and s